Learn What to Expect, Explore Your Options, and Take the Next Step with Confidence
Diagnosis
Appendix cancer is often discovered accidentally during surgeries through imaging scans for unrelated conditions. These scans and tests determine the presence, size and spread of tumors, which is crucial for planning the best treatment.
Blood Tests
Tumor Markers
Certain tumor markers and proteins, such as CEA, CA-125, and CA 19-9, have been associated with appendix cancer.
Computed Tomography Scan – CT Scan
An X-ray machine connected to a computer takes a series of detailed images of your chest, abdomen, and pelvis. Contrast material may be used to enhance the visibility of any abnormalities.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging – MRI
A MRI is a large machine with a strong magnet and linked to a computer that captures detailed pictures of the abdomen and pelvis.
Laparoscopy
A slender fiber-optic instrument called a laparoscope is inserted through an incision in your abdomen to capture images of your appendix and project the images onto a screen. It is a minimally invasive surgical procedure often referred to a “keyhole surgery.”
Biopsy
Biopsies of the appendix are challenging, so they are sallu performed on tissues in the body where the cancer may have spread.
Treatment
Finding the right treatment for your specific type of appendix cancer is essential, as approaches can vary based on tumor subtype, stage, and individual health factors. Consulting with specialists—especially those experienced in HIPEC and rare cancers—can help ensure you’re receiving the most effective care. Seeking a second opinion can offer clarity, uncover additional options, and empower you to make informed decisions with confidence. Your path forward deserves expert insight and personalized support.
Appendectomy
The surgery removes the appendix. If your tumor is early stage, well-differentiated, and hasn’t spread. This may be the only treatment that you’ll need.
Hemicolectomy
A hemicolectomy is the removal of the appendix and part of the colon for larger tumors.
Cytoreductive Surgery – CRS
Cytoreductive Surgery is an extensive procedure to remove as many visible tumors and mucin as possible, typically used for more advanced cases of appendix cancer.
Hyperthermic Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy – HIPEC
Hyperthermic Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy (HIPEC) is often combined with cytoreductive surgery (CRS), this procedure circulates a heated chemotherapy solution directly into the abdomen to kill remaining cancer cells.
Systemic Chemotherapy
Chemo, FOLFOX or FOLFRI, may be administered intravenously to treat cancer that has spread beyond the appendix. Doctors may suggest that you get a chemo port.
Pressurized Intraperitoneal Aerosolized Chemotherapy – PIPAC
Pressurized intraperitoneal aerosol chemotherapy, or PIPAC, is a treatment technique that gives chemotherapy in the form of a pressurized aerosol, or spray, directly into the abdominal cavity. It has fewer side effects than regular chemotherapy.
Targeted Drug Therapy
The goal of this treatment is to target cancer cells while limiting damage to healthy cells. Specific drugs target certain genes or proteins that encourage cancer growth. Drugs providers use in targeted drug therapy for appendix cancer include cetuximab, bevacizumab, ramucirumab, and panitumumab.
Considerations For Seeking Care
For rare cancers, it is often beneficial to seek care at a dedicated cancer center with multidisciplinary teams experienced in treating appendiceal cancer and to seek second opinions.
Look for programs that offer a team approach including surgical oncologists, medical oncologists, and other specialists.
Specialized centers are more likely to offer advanced treatment options, such as cytoreductive surgery with HIPEC (hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy).
Be prepared for the possibility of needing to travel outside of your area for specialized care, especially for the most advanced cases.
Trials & Studies
Researchers are striving to find new ways to combat appendix cancer. New pharmaceuticals, treatments, and supplements are currently being studied. You may be asked to donate tissue after a surgery, participate in a study, or submit a survey.
